PTSD: National Center for PTSD
Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2)
Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2)
The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2) is a suite of 17 individual scales that assess key deployment-related risk and resilience factors with demonstrated implications for Veterans' post-deployment health. For more information, read the DRRI history and development. The DRRI-2 can also be used clinically. The DRRI-2 includes the following scales:
Predeployment Factors
Deployment Factors
- Difficult Living and Working Environment
- Combat Experiences
- Aftermath of Battle
- Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Exposures
- Perceived Threat
- Preparedness
- Deployment Support from Family and Friends
- Unit Social Support
- General Harassment
- Sexual Harassment
- Concerns about Life and Family Disruptions
- Family Stressors
Postdeployment Factors
Short Form
To date, the DRRI-2 includes one short form measure. The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure—Short Form (DRRI-2 WE-SF) is a self-report exposure measure that was developed from two DRRI-2 scales (Combat Experiences and Warfare Aftermath of Battle). This short form includes 9 items that measure direct exposures to warfare and its consequences. Additional information on this short form measure is available here: Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure—Short Form (DRRI-2 WE-SF).
References
Vogt, D. S., Smith, B. N., King, L. A., King, D. W., Knight, J. A., & Vasterling, J. J. (2013). Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2): An updated tool for assessing psychosocial risk and resilience factors among Service members and Veterans (PDF). Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(6), 710-717. https://doi.org/10.1002.jts.21868 PTSDpubs ID: 87988
Bovin, M. J., Schneiderman, A., Bernhard, P. A., Maguen, S., Hoffmire, C. A., Blosnich, J. R., Smith, B. N., Kulka, R., & Vogt, D. (2022). Development and validation of a brief warfare exposure measure among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans: The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 Warfare Exposure—Short Form (DRRI-2 WE-SF). Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001282
To Obtain Scale
This measure was created by staff at VA's National Center for PTSD.
The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 scales and the WE-SF are available for download:
- DRRI-2 Scales (PDF)
- DRRI-2 Manual (PDF)
- DRRI-2 Warfare Exposure Short Form (PDF)
Note: This is a second version of the DRRI. To request the original DRRI, please contact Dr. Dawne Vogt.
Are you using this measure with U.S. Veterans or Service members?
Our PTSD Consultation Program can answer administration or scoring questions: PTSDconsult@va.gov or 866-948-7880.
Measure availability: We provide information on a variety of measures assessing trauma and PTSD. These measures are intended for use by qualified mental health professionals and researchers. Measures authored by National Center staff are available as direct downloads or by request. Measures developed outside of the National Center can be requested via contact information available on the information page for the specific measure.
Other sources of information on measures and how to obtain them include:
